The Double Helix

The DNA Double Helix is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. First described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is the famous molecule of genetics that establishes each organism’s physical characteristics. It wasn’t until mid-2001, that the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics jointly presented the true nature and complexity of the digital code inherent in DNA. We now understand that each human DNA molecule is comprised of chemical bases arranged in approximately 3 billion precise sequences. Even the DNA molecule for the single-celled bacterium, E. coli, contains enough information to fill all the books in any of the world’s largest libraries.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded molecule that is twisted into a helix like a spiral staircase. Each strand is comprised of a sugar-phosphate backbone and numerous base chemicals attached in pairs. The four bases that make up the stairs in the spiraling staircase are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These stairs act as the “letters” in the genetic alphabet, combining into complex sequences to form the words, sentences and paragraphs that act as instructions to guide the formation and functioning of the host cell. Maybe even more appropriately, the A, T, C and G in the genetic code of the DNA molecule can be compared to the “0″ and “1″ in the binary code of computer software. Like software to a computer, the DNA code is a genetic language that communicates information to the organic cell.

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7 Responses to The Double Helix

  1. Phil Krause says:

    Science is a wonderful method of finding things out consistently. The known facts are considered then a guess as to a possible method to explain the facts is made. This can then be tested by anyone able or interested to do so and eventually either confirmed or rejected. New facts are discovered that also either confirm or reject the original guess. If rejected, a new guess can be made that explainers the old facts as well as the new ones and the process continues. Step by step our knowledge is improved along with our understanding of the world. All unsoiled problems appear difficult when you don’t know or cant even imagine a solution but science goes on eventually gaining a better and better understanding of the once unknown. When the problem appears insurmountable, one way out of being able to solve it is to accept that a superior being has designed it or some other form of magic. Accept that and you no longer have to keep trying to solve the apparently unsolvable, you can relax again with everything understood again. Someone with more resilience, understanding and desire to find the truth eventually solves the unsolvable of yesterday and everybody is happy again. Except for those that had solved the problem already through magical processes. Now their understanding had been challenged again, instead of finally being relaxed because the current problem had been solved, they have to fit the new fact into their previously satisfied perspective. Over time, we understand more about the world and the magic gets deeper and deeper embedded into reality. The previously accepted magic doesn’t disappear it has to move to fit the current facts.

  2. Deskarati says:

    Phil, what a great explanation of the facts behind the ideas and progression of science. This video interested me as it’s the first time I have seen a description from a scientist for the idea of life having been given a start from an external, supernatural, influence. Although the idea might feel alien to us, and it is not very well explained in this short clip, it is one that, presumably, is supported by the majority of people around the world. I am hoping that your up coming book will enlighten us all on ‘The Spark of Life’

  3. Phil Krause says:

    Dean Kenyon is the creationist that was employed in the USA when they had the court cases to get “Intelligent Design” taught in schools as an alternative to science. Thankfully the courts came to the sensible conclusion that it wasn’t an alternative to science. I believe that he is also a medium in the spiritualist church. Not all scientists believe or understand what they teach, just as not all religious leaders and teachers believe in God. The reason that the explanation was not very well explained in the clip is because there was no explanation at all, other than, “I can’t understand how it’s possible, so it must be magic”.

  4. Geza Zake says:

    „ The four bases that make up the stairs in the spiraling staircase are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These stairs act as the “letters” in the genetic alphabet, combining into complex sequences to form the words, sentences and paragraphs that act as instructions to guide the formation and functioning of the host cell. Maybe even more appropriately, the A, T, C and G in the genetic code of the DNA molecule can be compared to the “0″ and “1″ in the binary code of computer software. „

    This is more or less known, but few people know why ATCG Complementary molecular structure is universal for all living beings genomes of flora and fauna. Few people know why the DNA is inverse Complementary molecular spiral structure in the two reversed spiral in which only the letters ATGC build the triplet combination of amino acids, why that triplets build protein combinations, and finally why protein build genomes of life forms? All of these structures in which on the elementary level we have always four ATCG molecules, such as on the Bible elementary level we have four sacred names of God JHWH?
    Francis Collins in his book Laguage of God found the scared secret . Even the opening sentence of the book show that people become aware that something big had happened, that there has been contact between the primeval forests of religious and modern scientific mind in a surprising and unexpected way in the depths of the man, not outside it in some kind of imaginary macro space areas.
    The contact occurred at the micro level of life, at the cellular level, moreover, at the cells which is an infinite number of Earth that make up the entire universe of the large micro-biological life.
    This finding as creative molecular genetics at the micro level, tell to us that billions and billions of cells made up on extremely simple way to create life combining four basic molecules that are complementary ATCG mapped as pairs and infinitely repeated.
    But however, in that simplicity lies the biggest secret of creating a complementary mapping, ie creating “his own image and likeness”, just like we read the first message of the Bible .
    “ God created man in His image and likeness, he created them! ”
    Today that the divine principle of creation revealed in the creation of complementary strands of DNA. In biology it is a principle that A binds only to T or vice versa, that T binds only to A , or G to be associated only with C, and vice versa.
    This principle extends from the genome of biological beings, and physical powers and structure of the Universe, chemistry,biological structure, mentality to the cosmology of the early civilizations.
    Hofstader in his book GEB noticed that It is true as a mathematical matrix,, and myself found that the polar ie Complementary polar quadrupole principle belongs to in all phenomena on the World and Univese. The knowledge that comes out – emanates as biological and the Divine pricipe called: PHILOSOPHY OF THE ORIGIN . It combines religion, philosophy, science and art of the point of the Origin of all forms from ants to the big Universe. That is a micro – macro relation of the same One.

  5. Phil Krause says:

    Man made God in his own image. Now see what you have started Jim.

  6. Deskarati says:

    C’est la vie!

  7. Eric Scerri says:

    I too was a little puzzled to see this clip in an otherwise very good collection of scientific episodes and news items. I suggest you steer clear of this kind of thing but that’s just my opinion and it’s your website.

    Phil Krause’s comment reminds me of the title of a book I have,

    “Did God Create Man or Did Man Create God?” My money’s on the second option.
    The author is David Comings, published 2008.

    ericscerri.com/

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